Common language differences between English and Chinese that international student should know

Northern Chinese, also known as Mandarin, is the mother tongue of about 70 % of Chinese speakers and is the accepted written language for all Chinese. Belonging to two different language families, English and Chinese have many significant differences. English is a West Germanic language. Here are common differences between the English language and Chinese language that international student should know. 

Alphabet:

The alphabet is a common difference between the English language and the Chinese language. Chinese does not have an alphabet while English has an alphabet. Chinese uses a logographic system for its written language. In a logographic system, symbols represent the words themselves. Words do not make various letters as in alphabetic systems. Because of this common difference, international students may have great difficulty reading English text and spelling words correctly.

Pinyin:

Pinyin is another common difference between English language and Chinese. Pinyin uses to help school children learn to pronounce the Chinese words. Pinyin literally means, “Spelled –out sound” and uses the Roman alphabet to represent those sounds. However, this system creates a problem for Chinese learning English and for westerns learning Chinese.

Phonology:

Phonology is the study of speech sounds. Phonology is another common difference between English language and Chinese language. English phonological system is different from the Chinese system. Some English phonemes do not exist in the Chinese language. A phoneme is the smallest significant unit of any language. Unlike English, Chinese is a tone language. There is also a difference between stress and intonation. In English, pitch uses to emphasize importance or express emotion, not to give a different meaning to the words because of the sound.

Difference between vowel and consonant sounds:

English has more vowel sounds than Chinese sounds. The pronunciation of vowel sound is also different from the Chinese language like ship/sheep, it / eat, full / fool. A major problem is the common final consonant in English. This feature is much less frequent in the Chinese language.

Grammar – verb:

In English, much information gives the use of auxiliaries and by verb inflexions: is/are/were, eat/eats/ate/eaten, etc. Chinese, on the other hand, is an uninflected language and conveys meaning through word order, adverbials, or shared understanding of the context. In the Chinese language, tenses do not handle the concept of time. In the English language, tenses handle the concept of time.

Model verb:

English commonly expresses shades of meaning with model verbs while the Chinese language does not express shades of meaning with modal verbs. Think for example of the increasing degree of politeness of the following instructions:

Open the window, please.

Could you open the window, please?

Would you mind opening the window, please?

Chinese model verbs do not convey a wide range of meaning while the English model verbs present a wide range of meanings. Chinese does not have articles, so difficulties with their correct use in English are very common. English has a number of short verbs. This kind of lexical verb does not exist in Chinese.

For getting more information about academic writing on different languages, you can contact academic writing services.

What is the best strategy for one who has only one week left to submit his 10,000 words master's dissertation

A dissertation, as it seems, is a long task. Long is just a short word that defines a dissertation. It is a document that highlights and reflects the research work that has been done by a researcher in order to find answers to the questions, which are an important part of the dissertation study. The research questions are an important part of the study. These are the ones that actually define the whole research study. The research approach that is adopted by the researcher is also based on these research questions.The question remains, how does one complete his 10,000 words dissertation with a deadline of only one week. 

Here’s the answer! One week is a lot. Curious to know how, here’s how. The top is to get organized and organize the dissertation itself. With one week, the dissertation must be divided in certain sections that can be completed in some days. there tare chapters of dissertation as introduction/background, literature review, research methodology, results, findings and discussions, and conclusion. These the length of the chapters is based on weight age of the chapter. Here is how the 10,000 word thesis can be broken down into sections for more organization.

2 days for rechecking and arranging the table of contents/appendices, and figures.

2 days

Introduction/background: 2000 words

1 day

Literature review: 3000 words

1 day

Research methodology: 1500 words

1 day

Results: 2000 words

Findings and discussion: 1500 words.

This is the breakdown that helps in getting organized. With seven days in hand, one can manage bothchapter in almost two days. For this purpose, more time is required for the literature search. The search should be specific and to the point. With the deadline in hand, the literature search should be done in one sitting. With this literature, two main chapters will be covered, introduction and literature review. These are the two main chapters that can be completed in three days.

One moment needs to be taken and decisions need to be taken about the research methodology. Once the decisions are made, the chapter of research methodology can be started off. It needs to be completed within a day. This is possible as the word count of this chapter is lesser. Once the research and the research methodology has been decided, the complete makeup of the results also becomes clear to the researcher. This chapter thereby becomes possible to be completed in one day.

The last chapter that also can be completed in a day is the findings and discussion. This is the final chapter that is the total summary of all the above mentioned chapters. Thereby it becomes easier for the chapter to be compiled in a shorter period of time.

The dissertation is not only about writing and compiling the mentioned chapters. It is about organizing the content that is the part of the thesis. The real time is required for designing the table of contents and the tables or figures in the dissertation. This can take almost two to three days. there you have it! Dissertation completed in one week.

20 unique and impressive topic ideas in Technology

With the advancement in technology the ideas are also emerging out for changing the world. There are new inventions in technology such as brain wave passwords, coffee-powered cars. Floating farms and much more innovations and incredible inventions that will shape our future. 

Some of the unique and impressive ideas that technology has innovated are outlined below:

1. Space drones:

NASAhas declared to challenge the designers to produced a conventional drone that can work inside the space station. The wining designs will include the use of cameras as well tiny beacon for manoeuvre the surroundings.

2. 760mph Trains:

The technology has put forward an idea of innovating the ideas of inspiring human brain. It is expected that in future there will be trains that will be hurtling down the tunnel at the speed of a commercial jet that is incredible. The founders gave the estimation that the passengers will be able to travel through the vacuum tube up to 760mph that will be propelled by the compressed air and the induction motors.

3. Coffee Power:

It is found that the London coffee industry produces over 200,000 tones waste of annually. The entrepreneur Arthur Kay has given an incredible idea to turn the 85% of the coffee waste into the biofuels that will be used to heat the buildings and the powering transport.

4. Space Balloons:

the technology has claimed that now the trip to the space would be possible with a balloon in future. The World View Enterprises wants that the tourist should be sent 32km above earth on the hot air balloons.

5. Viagra for women:

The US food as well as Drug Administration has introduced drugs for improving thewomen sexual desires as it is being dubbed the female Viagra that works differently by boosting the blood supply to penis and flibanserin acts on the serotonin receptors of brain. They claim that its raises sexual satisfaction but the critics question the drug effectiveness and safety.

6. Breathalyser Cars:

The US National administration of High way safety has generated devices to monitor levels of alcohol by sniffing the breath or just scanning blood in the fingertips through the steering wheel and immobilising the cars if they find the high-level dose.

7. Internet for everyone:

Elon Musk is thinking of providing free internet to almost 4000 small satellites.

8. Personalities for robots:

It will be an innovative generation in near future.

9. Smart food labels

In UK special labels will be produced for blinds that will be smart enough to renew the wasted food into new ones including same protein as before.

10. Self-driving trucks

In near future there will be self-driving trucks for carrying loads hired by companies.

11. pain free removal for tattoos

there will be pain free laser removal for tattoos that will be cheaper and is replaced by a cream instead of laser.

12. sleep in a dish of petri

For people having sleeping problems will now be helped for unravelling the sleeping disorders.

13. human head transplants

Human brain will be now being attempted to be transplanted.

14. Human brain password:

In near future, honed version of the human brain password will be introduced that could be verified by the person sitting at the PC.

15. Floating Farms:

It is predicted that there will be 2 billion more people in 2050 and there will be demand of 70% more foodtherefore it is proposed to generate floating farm of 350 by 200m that will produce an estimate of 8.1 tones vegetable and 1.7 tonesfish annually.

16. Near Perfect Insulation

17. Pleistocene park

18. The four-day working weekly

19. Holiday by Airship

20. Crowed source antibiotics

Dissertation Outline Template A Guide To Writing The Outline

In order to write the dissertation, one may have to follow the outline template in order to make it more appropriate and efficient. Many universities are offering guidelines to their students that help them in making dissertations that how they can set and organize dissertations and dissertation writing services. Most dissertations are organized into four or five chapters. There are many variations and details depending upon the dissertation topic. In social sciences proposal of dissertation only contains first three chapters in a format of five chapters or first two chapters in the format of four chapters. A dissertation outline template mostly comprises of five chapters. The most integral chapters of the dissertation are chapter three which is based on a methodology that depends on qualitative and quantitative or mixed method design. The fourth chapter of the dissertation is analysis of results and findings and, literature review is the second chapter.

In a five-chapter dissertation, chapter 1 is the introduction based on following headings that is an introduction, background, problem statement, purpose, research questions, the importance of the study, the definition of terms, limitations, and conclusion. The second chapter that is the literature review includes an introduction, search description, theoretical framework and research review.  This chapter is based on several research studies conducted by the topic you have selected for your interest. Chapter three includes methodology either qualitative, quantitative or mixed. 

In a qualitative methodology following headings are used that are introduction, research design, questions, hypothesis, population, sample size, respondents, data collection method, tools, data analysis methods like SPSS, Google questions etc. and conclusion of the chapter. If the methodology is mixed then the chapter three which is methodology is based on headings like introduction, research design, questions and hypothesis, sample, data collection methods, data analysis and conclusion.

In the fourth chapter of dissertation that is research findings, the findings from questionnaires are represented on a chart along with their analysis. The questionnaire used normally has close-ended questions and the analysis is done with the help of  SPSS or some other analysis tools. This chapter is based on headings like introduction of the chapter, findings (analyzed by research questions and hypothesis) and conclusion of the chapter. The last chapter is conclusion chapter or discussion chapter and suggestions for research to be conducted in future. This chapter is based on headings like introduction, findings summary and conclusions (research questions and hypothesis), discussion, suggestions for research to be conducted in future and conclusion. Research limitation can also be included in this chapter. 

A research limitation is a weakness that limits the internal as well as external validity of the results. Most of the limitations are conceptualized. Limitations are those that are out of reach of researcher. Limitations may include statement of the results that may be impossible to meet like interpretation of results. This chapter also includes future recommendations and provides guidance that is based on dissertation which is related to the theoretical and empirical theory. Lastly at the end of the dissertation references and appendices are also mentioned.

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